ZIBS顾问教授韩昇洙：低收入群体更容易受到气候变化风险的影响
The Global Health Forum of the Boao Forum for Asia was held in Qingdao, China on June 10-12. Dr. Han Seung-soo, former Prime Minister of South Korea, Co-chairman of the International Finance Forum (IFF) and Distinguished Professor of ZIBS, delivered a speech at the plenary session.
博鳌亚洲论坛全球健康论坛大会于6月10-12日在青岛举行，韩国前总理、国际金融论坛（IFF）联合主席、浙江大学国际联合商学院（ZIBS）顾问教授韩昇洙出席全体大会并演讲。
其表示气候变化带来负面影响分布不均衡。身处偏僻地区，且收入较低的人群更加难以应对与气候相关的风险。我们要将社会经济的发展与环保、健康和人民生活福祉联系起来，采取新的措施来促进《2030可持续发展目标》的实现。
▲韩国前总理、国际金融论坛（IFF）联合主席、浙江大学国际联合商学院（ZIBS）顾问教授韩昇洙（图片来源：新浪财经）
◆ 以下为演讲实录（有删减）：
尊敬的各位来宾：
我很高兴受邀参加博鳌亚洲论坛全球健康论坛大会，并在此祝贺青岛市成功组织了这一重要会议。
我并非卫生专家，但曾有幸担任联合国秘书长气候变化特使这一职位，在此期间从事与气候变化、水事务和自然灾害相关的事务，所以今天我将围绕气候变化与卫生这一主题展开演讲。
女士们、先生们：
在第一次工业革命以来，大气中温室气体的浓度显著提升，特别是在过去50年中尤为如此。当前的大气中二氧化碳含量已经达到了411ppm，比过去80万年间地球上任何时候都高。气候变化与人类的健康和福祉关系愈发密切，因为热浪、干旱、极端降雨、台风、飓风等自然灾害的出现更加频繁。在过去几十年中，气候变化甚至改变了传染类疾病的传播方式，在卫生方面带来了巨大的影响
气候变化也可能会影响病菌载体、病原体，甚至人们的行为，所有这些因素可能造成传染性疾病的形态变化。天气情况的变化也可能影响空气中有毒污染物的大气浓度，以及气源性致敏原的密度——比如说花粉和胞子，危害公众健康。
很遗憾的是，在影响气候变化的决策中，健康很少被当作重要的考量因素，造成在卫生防护和推广方面错失良机。
世卫组织的一项评估预测，到2030-2050年，气候变化每年将额外造成25万人死亡。化石燃料带来的空气污染会提高呼吸道及心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率。空气污染作为健康的最大杀手之一，每年可造成700万人死亡——但这一情况并非不可避免。现在全世界范围内超过90%的人呼吸着受污染的空气，将近30亿人都依赖于有污染的燃料，比如说固体燃料和用于做饭、取暖、照明的煤油等。矿物燃料燃烧带来的氮氧化物、硫氧化物、臭氧及微粒物质(PM)是诱发诸多呼吸道疾病的直接原因，包括哮喘、慢性支气管炎和鼻炎。最新的研究显示，PM2.5可能会渗透人的血管，甚至造成大脑和肺部损伤。
女士们、先生们：
在应对气候变化带来的卫生问题时，我们也应该看到气候变化带来的负面影响分布不均。
身处偏僻地区，且收入较低的人群，更加难以应对与气候相关的风险。我们要将社会经济的发展与环保、健康和人民生活福祉联系起来，采取新的措施来促进《2030可持续发展目标》的实现。
由气候变化带来的健康风险正在增加，但是我们在这方面的投入和决心还远远不够，无法满足需求。气候变化对传染病和非传染病都会带来影响，改变这些疾病的规模以及发病的模式。
应对气候变化带来的健康风险，采取渐进式的做法逐个解决环境问题还不够。医疗卫生部门要加强与其他政府职能部门的合作，包括能源部门、水务部门、卫生部门、交通部门、土地使用规划部门等等。
我真诚希望博鳌亚洲论坛全球健康论坛大会会成为一个重要的推进这些任务的大会，谢谢大家！
”Ladies and Gentlemen,
I am very pleased to be invited to speak to you at this important Global Health Forum of Boao Forum for Asia in this beautiful city of Qingdao. I would like to congratulate the city of Qingdao for successfully organizing this important form.
I am not a specialist on health but as I have long been involved in the issue of climate change and water/disasters in my capacity as the Special Envoy of the UN Secretary-General for Climate Change and Special Envoy for Disaster Risk Reduction and Water, I would like to speak today on climate change and health.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Since the first Industrial Revolution, atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) have increased significantly, particularly during the past five decades. The current atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is 411 ppm, higher than any time on earth in the past 800,000 years. Climate change has an impact increasingly on people’s health and well-being, as the occurrence of heat waves, droughts, extreme rainfall, storms and severe cyclones increases. Over the past several decades, climate change has even modified the transmission of infectious diseases, resulting in large impacts on health.
Climate change may alter the distribution of vectors and pathogens and also affect people's behavior. All these factors can contribute to the changes in patterns of infectious diseases. Changes in weather conditions can also influence atmospheric concentrations of toxic air pollutants and of aeroallergens such as pollens and spores that affect public health.
Unfortunately, health has rarely been central to decisions affecting climate change, resulting in missed opportunities for health protection and promotion.
An assessment report by WHO estimated that climate change will result in approximately 250,000 additional deaths per year between 2030 and 2050. Air pollution from the fossil fuel has already been causing respiratory and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Air pollution – one of the largest risks to health – alone causes seven million preventable deaths per year, with more than 90% of people breathing polluted air and almost 3 billion people still depending on polluting fuels such as solid fuels or kerosene for lighting, cooking and heating. Nitrogen Oxide, Sulphur Oxide, Ozone and Particulate Matters (PM) related with fossil fuel are the direct causes of many respiratory diseases, asthma, chronic bronchitis and rhinitis. Recent studies reveal that PM (Particulate Matter) 2.5 can penetrate our blood vessels and could even cause brain and lung damages.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
In coping with the health impact of climate change, we should not forget that the negative impacts of climate change tend to be unevenly distributed.
People with low-income living in geographically isolated locations are typically more vulnerable to climate-related risks. By interlinking socioeconomic development with environmental protection, health and wellbeing, we have to call for a new approach to health, environment and equity in promoting the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Health risks posed by climate change are mounting, but the levels of investment and ambition are inadequate to cope with the needs. Climate change will likely affect communicable and non-communicable diseases, with changes in the magnitude and pattern of climate-sensitive health outcomes.
Incremental changes to deal with individual environmental risks are not sufficient. To address the health risk from climate change, the health sector needs to be strengthened to engage with other functions of government dealing with energy, water, sanitation, hygiene, agriculture, transport and land-use planning.
I sincerely hope that the Boa Forum on Health will be the key global forum in advancing these goals. Thank you for your attention
转载自国际金融论坛微信公众号